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Tab Tip – Customizing the Base Map in XMap

December 14, 2010

One of the key distinctions between XMap and the other GIS software offerings is the fact that XMap has a fully integrated vector base map at its core. DeLorme has been building and independently managing its extensive road and street XMap Advicedatabase for almost 30 years, so we do not have to rely on third-party companies to provide this map information for our customers. Furthermore, we readily update the map data based on the latest information from departments of transportation, local government, and our software users.

Within XMap, the road and street database greatly enhances the functionality of the software. It enables the routing and navigation tools; it is employed in the geocoding of location-based data; it facilitates address and place name searches; and much more.

Perhaps most importantly, the road and street map data offers a spatial perspective for the data layers that are imported into the GIS tab. In this context it is often necessary to “clean up” the map to avoid the appearance of clutter. For instance, if you are mapping your customers’ locations you may wish to disable other points of interest to avoid confusion, or if you are viewing a GIS layer showing forest stands, you may want to limit the base map to just the major roads and hydro features.

XMap offers the option of customizing the appearance of the base map data by turning off unwanted features. This is achieved by adjusting the settings in the Map Features tab in the Options window, which is accessed from the toolbar at the top of the screen.

When you select the Map Features tab, you will see a list of the primary components of the map along with check boxes that allow these feature types to be turned on or off. Included in this list are such options as major and minor roads, town borders, and a coordinate grid.

XMap AdviceFor more control over the contents of the map, check the box next to Use Custom Map Features and click the adjacent Customize Map Features button. This brings up an expandable list of individual feature types, each of which can be enabled or disabled as needed. It also offers a search function for quickly finding a specific type of feature.

The Custom Map Features approach provides a high level of control over the map contents. For example, within the Line category, there are nine types of lines, including Boundaries, Hydrographic Features, and Land Thoroughfares. The latter can be further expanded to show 12 classes of roads and streets such as Local or Rural Roads and Primary Limited Access Roads, which in turn can be expanded to show such map features as State Route Toll Roads and Interstates. Select or clear the check box next to each individual feature type or class to enable or disable that feature or group of features.

A commonly used approach for map customization is to first disable all map features using the None button in the Map Features window. After you click Apply, the map window will be blank. Specific features can now be selected as needed to display only those map objects that are applicable to your requirements. All customized feature options are saved in the current XMap project file so multiple settings can be established and individually saved for future use.

For more information on map customization and other XMap features and functions, refer to the Help system in the software.

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XMap Advice—Reestablishing a Connection to your SQL Database

July 1, 2010

The symptoms are clear. You attempt to import a GIS layer into XMap and the only options in the database list are “Other” and “New.” “Where is my database?,” you ponder. “What happened to all of my other layers?” It feels like someone has walked into your office and removed the filing cabinet containing all of your important documents. “What do I do now? Where’s the panic button?”

Fortunately, the solution to this temporary predicament is usually quick and painless. The panic button is not needed.

The problem stems from the fact that XMap employs a Microsoft SQL database to store GIS data and occasionally, for reasons often too complex and bewildering to explain here, XMap refuses to “talk” to SQL and vice versa. The problem is easily solved by reintroducing both parties.

This reintroduction can be initiated in XMap from either the Manage Layers or the Import Layer window, both of which are accessed by clicking the Layers button above the Workspace table. In either case, select Other from the database drop-down list to display the Attach Database window.

Usually, the errant SQL server will be listed in the server drop-down list and will appear as either (LOCAL)\XMAP* or [your computer name]\XMAP* (* represents the version of XMap on your computer). If this is the case, simply select the server from the list, make sure Windows Authentication is checked, and click the Connect button. After a few seconds, the database list will display all of the XMap databases on your local server. For new XMap users, this list will be limited to the preconfigured database entitled DeLormeSampleDB. After selecting this or any other available database, click the OK button and continue importing or managing your layers as before.

It is likely that most of you can now stop reading this article and go back to work, secure in the knowledge that you have solved your database connection problem. However, there is a small group of you who will probably want to read on for the simple reason that your server list in the Attach Database window is conspicuously empty and you could not perform the succeeding steps.

If you are one of those unfortunate XMap users, there is an additional but very simple step that must be taken. In the blank server window, type (LOCAL)\XMAP* (* should be either 7, 6, or 5 depending on the version of XMap that was first installed on your computer and, correspondingly, the version of SQL that was created) and continue with the steps outlined above.

On rare occasions, the two solutions described will fail to rectify the database connection issue; this is usually because the SQL service is not running. Often, this problem occurs after an update to your operating system during which Windows fails to restart the service. The solution for this problem takes place outside of XMap.

  1. From the Start menu, right-click My Computer and select Manage.
  2. Click the plus sign next to Services and Applications and click Services.
  3. In the Services window, right-click SQL Server (XMAP*) and choose either Start or Restart.

Your database should now be available in XMap.

If the XMap instance of SQL is not listed in the Services widow, you will need to reinstall it from your XMap install disk. Instructions are available here.

Thankfully, the solutions for the common XMap database connection problems are reasonably straightforward and usually the disconnection problems will not reoccur.

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Tab Hint – Customizing the Topographic Base Map in XMap

April 21, 2010

DeLorme is justifiably proud of its pioneering endeavors in the field of digital mapping over the last 25 years. Those of us old enough to remember the early versions of Street Atlas USA® will recall the sense of amazement when we learned that virtually every road in the entire U.S. could fit onto one of those new-fangled CD ROMs. The basis for this amazing feat was the simple fact that all of the features on the map were efficiently stored in a database and rendered on the screen only when required. This vector-based approach to mapping is still the foundation of most of DeLorme’s software and data products, including the new World Base Map.

The delivery of maps in vector format offers several advantages over raster data products, such as aerial imagery or scanned paper maps:

  • The data is much smaller so a wider geographic coverage area can be delivered per megabyte of storage
  • The data is updatable so periodic edits and corrections are relatively straightforward
  • The data display can be manipulated by the end user

XMap users have several customization options that can be utilized to create a base map that is tailored to the needs or requirements of the project at hand:

Map Features

The Map Features tab in the Option dialog (accessible from the toolbar) offers two levels of control depending on the degree of customization required.

  • The main window offers a concise list of map feature types that can be checked on or off as needed. This list includes points of interest, minor roads, and map grids.
  • By selecting the Use Custom Map Features option at the bottom of the window, the base map contents can be fine tuned to a greater degree. Individual types of lines, points, and polygons can be displayed or hidden using the appropriate check boxes. A common approach to map feature customization is to initially disable all objects in the base map by selecting the None button and then individually turning on the features that are needed.

Map Features settings are recorded in the current XMap project so it is possible to create template maps containing various combinations of features by creating and saving several projects.

Contour Display

In the topographic base map in XMap, contours are dynamically generated from the underlying digital elevation model. If required, the contours can be removed from the map using the Map Features settings as noted above. Alternatively, the interval or space between adjacent contours can be adjusted to accentuate the elevation in relatively flat terrain or to reduce the concentration of contour lines in mountainous areas. Note that the contour interval is automatically optimized at different zoom levels so it is usually not necessary to make manual adjustments.

If necessity dictates, the contour properties can be adjusted in the Map Data tab by expanding Reference Data, then expanding Topography and right-clicking on Contours. In the resulting window, the first setting allows the selection of Low Density, High Density, or Custom contour spacing as well as the selection of the zoom level at which contours first appear. If Custom is selected, the next window provides the opportunity to set the contour interval within specified zoom levels. It also offers the option to establish the major contours at each zoom level, which stipulates which contour lines are labeled on the map.

The next window in the Contour Properties dialog box offers the option to adjust the overall zoom level range for contours. The final window is used to select the map views in which the contours will be displayed.

Shaded Relief

The pattern of shaded relief or terrain shadow is employed by XMap to emphasize the topography and, as with contours, it is generated dynamically from the digital elevation model. The shaded relief pattern can be adjusted to imply an alternative light source position so the simulated shadow falls on a different side of each mountain or hill.

To make this adjustment, right-click Shaded Relief in the Map Data tab and click Properties. The first screen in the Shaded Relief Properties window has settings to change the sun bearing and inclination or angle above the horizon, as well as the brightness range for the shadow effect. As with the contour settings, the next screens provide the option to choose the zoom level range and map selection within which the shaded pattern will appear.

Map Colors

Under the Display section of XMap’s Options window, there are three Map Colors options. Topo Colors, the default setting displays all topographic features as well as land cover information; Street Colors mirrors the map view in DeLorme’s Street Atlas USA—with no contours, shaded relief, or land cover—for a simple street view; the High-Contrast Colors option renders the map with darkened features and is intended for in-vehicle use, especially when driving at night when the brightness of the screen can be distracting.

Magnification

Also contained within the Display Options window, the Magnification drop-down list can be used to alter the size of the features, text, and symbols on the map. The most common use is to increase the magnification so that objects appear larger and text is easier to read, especially on a small screen with a high screen resolution. Note that on the GPS tab in the Options dialog, a check box offers the option to automatically magnify the map when GPS tracking is enabled.

Layering

There are two ways to adjust the layering hierarchy on the map depending on whether the layer in question is raster or vector. By default, the layering sequence starts with base map vectors at the bottom followed by raster layers such as aerial imagery, and GIS and draw layers on top. Often it is necessary to display specific features from the base map on top of a raster or a GIS layer or to adjust the layering hierarchy of specific GIS layers.

To adjust raster layering, locate the layer in question in the Map Data tab and right-click to select Properties. If necessary, click Next to display the Data Positioning window and, using the drop-down list, select the feature class that you wish to display on top of the raster layer. Note that because of the hierarchical structure of the base map data, the chosen selection will also include those objects that appear above it in the list. For instance, if Roads is selected, Town Borders, Business POIs, etc, will also appear. If these additional features are not needed, they can be filtered using the Map Features settings noted above.

By default, this layering behavior will be applied to the selected data throughout its entire zoom level range; however, it is also possible to establish a different layering sequence for a specified zoom level range.

GIS layering is controlled from the Layering section of the GIS tab. As each new layer is imported or created, it is assigned a z-level value of 4500. By increasing or decreasing this value, the position of the selected layer can be moved up or down relative to other GIS layers or to features in the base map. The process of adjusting the layering can be performed by simply typing a new z-level value or by clicking and dragging a selected layer in the layering list and dropping it at the appropriate position in the hierarchy.

The inherent flexibility of XMap’s topographic base map means that it is possible to create a truly unique map view as a foundation for clearly representing and emphasizing user data layers.

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Tab Tip—Using XMap’s Embedded Document Function to Manage Files Geographically

March 23, 2010

XMap’s embedded document function, which has been an integral component of the software for several years, was introduced as a means to associate files with individual objects in a GIS layer and to store a version of each file in the XMap database. The primary intent of this function was to provide an efficient way to attach supplementary information or data about an object (for example, a photograph or a schematic diagram) that could not easily be assigned to the available attribute fields and to ensure that anyone with access to the layer would also have access to the associated files.

The original embedded document tool was designed to allow the associated files to be opened and, if necessary, locally saved; however, there was no document editing function that would offer the end user the ability to modify or update the file. If a field worker was required to fill out a report at the jobsite and the blank report was attached to the appropriate object in the GIS layer, the technician would have to save a local version and send it by e-mail to the project manager.

New Embedded Document Functionality
The embedded document feature has been significantly enhanced in XMap 7:

  • Embedded documents can be opened, edited, and saved back into the database.
  • Documents can be uploaded from the attribute table or by right-clicking at the location of an object on the map.
  • When employing XMap’s data synchronization function, newly uploaded or edited documents are automatically incorporated into the master layer.
  • When using XMap Forms, image files uploaded as embedded documents are displayed in the form itself.
  • Documents can be uploaded using any version of XMap 7, although either the Editor or Enterprise version is needed to create the required document field.
  • An initial value can be assigned to a document field so that a default file, such as a blank report, is automatically added when each new object is created in the layer.

Embedded Document Considerations
There are several key issues that should be considered when setting up embedded documents:

  • To upload a file or document, the layer must have an attribute field with Document assigned as the data type. This usually entails manually generating the field after the layer is created or imported.
  • Virtually any file can be uploaded using the embedded document function. XMap does not open the file so there is no internal compatibility or formatting issues. Instead, the action of opening the file triggers the appropriate application as assigned within the Windows® operating system. For instance, if bitmaps are normally opened with Microsoft® Paint, clicking an embedded bitmap will launch that application as well.
  • Embedding a document creates a new version of the file that is distinct from the original that was uploaded. If the original is edited, these changes will not be reflected in the embedded version.
  • Access to the file or document is through the local or central XMap database within which the GIS layer is stored. Unlike a URL which works by recording the path to the original file, embedding the document allows it to be opened at a remote location.
  • If multiple files are associated with a single object in a layer, a separate document field will be needed for each file. For instance, if there are four photographs associated with a GIS object, four document fields will be required.
  • OpenSpace GIS layers with embedded documents will be significantly larger, which is an important consideration when synchronizing or manually sharing OpenSpace transfer files.

Setting up a Layer to Allow Document Embedding
Before uploading a file, the layer needs to be configured to allow documents to be embedded through the creation of a document field. This is done using the following steps:

  1. In the GIS tab, click the Attributes button and select Design View.
  2. Click the Options button and click Add Simple Field.
  3. Type a name for the field, which will appear as a column heading in the attribute table.
  4. From the Data Type drop-down list, select Document.
  5. Click OK.

Note that a document field cannot be created using a formula so the Add Formula Field option does not offer Document in the data type list. If Add Constrained Field is selected, Document is available as an option in the data type list, but the only constraint that can be applied is to assign a specific document as an initial value. This means that all new objects will include a copy of the same embedded document. This does not, however, assign the document to existing objects in the layer.

Uploading Documents
There are two methods for embedding a document within an object in a layer:
From the Attributes Tab
In the Attributes, Datasheet View, scroll to the document column and locate the required object in the attribute list. If no document is present, the cell displays the word <null>. When the cursor is positioned over this cell, an arrow automatically appears and, after clicking the arrow, a drop-down list is displayed. Initially, the only option is Upload, which opens the Upload File dialog box from where the required file can be selected. After uploading the file, the file name will appear in the cell.
From the Map
After positioning the cursor over the appropriate point, line, or polygon on the map, right-click and select Documents. If no existing document is present, the only option will be Upload, which opens the Upload File dialog box as described above.
Opening, Editing, and Saving Embedded Documents
If a document or file has been uploaded and associated with an object in a GIS layer, there are several additional choices in the Documents drop-down list on the map or in the attributes table. The list now includes View, Save As, Upload, and Delete. Additionally, if the file is in an editable format such as text, Edit is also available. The Edit option allows the file to be modified and the changes saved into the database.

The ability to edit an attached file is the most powerful feature of the embedded document tool. Any version of XMap 7 can be used to access files that are directly tied to their appropriate geographic location and additional information or notes can be added to the files right at the jobsite.

Distributing GIS Layers with Embedded Documents
XMap’s data synchronization function is a perfect complement to the embedded documents tool. Data synchronization provides a quick and efficient tool for distributing updated GIS layers throughout a company or organization. Because embedded documents reside in the OpenSpace database, these files are also synchronized—ensuring that the most up-to-date documents are available to those who need them most.

If a synchronized layer contains a document field, the recipient of the layer has the option to upload a file or edit an existing embedded document. As part of the subsequent synchronization process, the uploaded or updated file is automatically added to the central GIS database and is available to all XMap users in the company.

When an OpenSpace transfer file is created by exporting a GIS layer from XMap, any embedded documents that are associated with that layer are incorporated in the file and can be accessed when the file is imported by another XMap user. This process can be used to efficiently distribute geographically referenced files in situations where synchronization is not being used.

Using Embedded Documents with XMap Forms
XMap Forms, another new feature of XMap 7, provides a user-friendly mechanism for collecting or editing GIS layers and their accompanying attributes. If a form that includes a document field is created, the form provides buttons for uploading, deleting, and, if appropriate, editing the file. If an image is embedded, a thumbnail of the image itself is displayed in the form. Clicking this thumbnail opens an enlarged version of the image.

Document fields are compatible with forms created for use in XMap, but they cannot be used in a form created for the Earthmate PN-40, DeLorme’s handheld GPS receiver and data collector.

Embedded Documents at Work
In virtually all GIS applications, the embedded documents functionality in XMap offers a valuable supplement to the attribute management capability of the software and provides the means to manage files in the context of their geographic location. This allows convenient site-specific access to the documents that are associated with that particular location. Examples of embedded documents at work in specific industries include:

Oil and Gas
Attach pipeline maintenance reports to each pipeline segment. As each pipeline is inspected, the field technician can complete and automatically submit the report to comply with the necessary regulations.

Real Estate
Attach multiple building photographs to each property in the GIS layer. Add a field to attach detailed property specifications or information about comparable properties.

Natural Resource Management
Upload photographs to provide a visual context to data sampling locations in habitat or environmental impact studies. Using XMap Forms, click the GPS button to automatically create a new point and assign each photograph to the correct location.

One-call Administration
Assign a copy of a one-call ticket to each proposed dig location in a GIS layer. Automatically distribute the ticket to field crews using XMap’s synchronization tool.

Wind Energy Development
Embed detailed meteorological data pertaining to proposed wind farm sites. Upload a spreadsheet with details of the properties within a designated area of impact.

Surveying and Engineering
Upload scanned or digital copies of engineering blueprints and plans. Use XMap as a project management tool allowing efficient access to the appropriate sheets at each site of the project.

Utility Mapping
Embed detailed wiring diagrams at each junction location or utility access point. In the event of an emergency, the necessary repair information can be accessed by simply right-clicking at the current location on the map.

Delivery and Dispatch Management
Attach a copy of the shipping details to all delivery locations. At each site, right click the map to display the delivery list.

The enhanced embedded documents functionality in XMap 7 extends the attribute management capability to include complementary information in external files or documents. By offering the option to edit the contents of these associated files and allow the uploading of files in virtually any format, the data collection capability of XMap is limitless

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Tab Tip—Using Duplicated Layers to Manage GIS Label Placement

February 23, 2010

When assigning labels to objects in a GIS layer—whether the layer contains points, lines, or polygons—XMap’s integrated cartographic engine optimizes the placement of the labels to ensure the clearest possible text display while maintaining the aesthetic qualities of the map. Polygon labels are automatically placed at the geometric center of the object being labeled; point labels are, by default, positioned above and to the right of the symbol; and line labels are placed as close as possible to the mid-point of the line. If necessary, XMap uses a text decluttering process to ensure that one label does not overlay another.

In most cases, this automated labeling process is sufficient to clearly denote the required information about the object; however, cartographic sticklers will suggest that a perfect map cannot be created without some sort of human input. By following a few simple and creative steps, it is possible to fine-tune or tweak the positioning of labels in XMap while providing the opportunity to determine the zoom level range within which labels appear.

The first step in this process is to create a duplicate copy of the layer in question. To do this, first select the layer in the Workspace, click Layers, click Create, and then click Copy Layer. It is a good idea to add “Labels” to the name of this second layer.

Next, adjust the symbolization of this new labels layer so that the objects on the map are transparent or invisible. The Symbolize dialog box can be accessed by right-clicking the layer in the Workspace or by clicking the Tools button above the Workspace table and selecting Symbolize. For each color or class displayed in the Symbolization window, change the Opacity setting to Transparent, then click OK. The objects formerly displayed on the map will disappear.

You can now use the Label function, accessed from the Tools menu, to add the required labels to this transparent layer. Although the objects are not visible, the labels will appear on the map.

Initially, these labels will appear in the same location as if the original layer had been labeled; however, because the objects to which they are assigned are invisible, their position can be moved without affecting the appearance of the map. To move these labels, select the new labels layer from the Active Layer dropdown list in the toolbar and click the Edit tool to the right. Each label can be individually selected and moved as needed.

With the labels for the original layer now contained within a second layer, it is possible to more precisely control the appearance and behavior of these labels. To customize the settings for this layer, click the Tools button and select Properties. Within this dialog box are options for determining whether the labels appear in the Primary and/or Secondary Maps, for setting the Zoom Level range at which the labels appear, and for adjusting the layering hierarchy to ensure that the labels are displayed on top of the objects in the original layer.

With a little creativity, it is possible to create a map that not only uses the latest in cartographic technology but also allows a certain amount of individual input.

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Tab Tip – Tracking Offenders with XMap’s GPS Radar Function

January 26, 2010

November’s DeLorme Professional Newsletter included a list of the major functional enhancements in the newly released XMap 7 suite. If you read the entire article, towards the bottom of the list under the subheading, Other XMap Enhancements, you may have noticed “Improved GPS Radar Search”—a reference to a lesser known but, nonetheless, powerful component of the XMap toolkit.

About XMap 7

A recurring theme in the various descriptions of XMap is that it represents the perfect integration of GPS and GIS technology. DeLorme mapping software has included GPS functionality since its earliest days, when DeLorme was one of the first companies to introduce a GPS receiver for consumer use. It is no surprise, therefore, that when XMap was developed, it inherited a powerful set of GPS tools for tracking, navigation, data collection, and, as seen in the GPS radar functionality, proximity searching.

The idea behind the GPS Radar is very simple: if your GPS receiver is able to discern your precise location and the map on which your position is being displayed includes points of interest or other significant data layers, it is very easy to generate a list of these points that are within a defined distance and to update this list as you move. Originally, this functionality was incorporated into DeLorme software titles to help the traveler find particular businesses and services such as restaurants, hotels, and gas stations. However, it soon became clear that there could be many other applications for this tool.

One such example emerged during a meeting between members of DeLorme’s XMap team and a representative from a state law enforcement agency. The officer, citing studies indicating that most criminal activity is carried out by individuals who have been previously convicted, suggested that if each patrol vehicle were equipped with a system that would alert the officer when they came close to the address of a known offender, many crimes could be prevented. This discussion and other similar meetings, led to the development of a GIS-optimized version of the GPS Radar search function.

GPS Radar is a subtab of the Find tab in XMap and the set-up process involves a few simple steps:

  1. Create or import the GIS layer containing the points that you want to search for. If you are working with a database or a spreadsheet of addresses, XMap’s GIS import function will automatically geocode or assign each record the correct point on the map.
  2. Make sure you have a GPS receiver connected to your computer. If a device is not detected by XMap, the search will originate at the current map center.
  3. Click the Find tab and click the GPS Radar button.
  4. From the Find drop-down list, select either All GIS Points, which will return results from all active GIS point layers, or Custom, which provides a text box within which the name of a specific layer can be typed.
  5. Before beginning the search process, click the Options button to customize the behavior of the search:
    • Select the distance within which the search will be conducted.
    • Set the time between updates to the search results.
    • If required, choose the wording of the verbal prompt that is played when a result is found.
  6. Click the Search button to initiate the GPS Radar search. The results will be displayed in list form with the closest at the top of the list. After the previously determined time interval, a new list of results will be generated. Directions to the closest or selected object will be indicated by a thin green line on the map.

GPS Radar can be employed for a wide variety of applications; however, much of the new functionality was developed to address the specific needs of the mobile law enforcement community.

Read More About XMap 7

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Tab Tip – Using the Edge Matching Tool to Accurately Map Adjacent Polygons

December 14, 2009

Among the exciting new GIS components developed for XMap 7 is an ingenious tool for streamlining the process of creating or modifying polygons. The Edge Matching tool, as its name implies, provides an efficient and effective way to automatically match the edge of a polygon with the corresponding edge of its neighbor. In short, this tool saves a lot of duplicated effort when creating adjacent irregular polygons.

To help provide an appreciation of the value of this tool and to describe how it works in a practical sense, we will consider a common application for manual polygon creation: parcel mapping.

If you are lucky enough to play your GIS trade in the vast central section of the United States, property mapping is a relative breeze. Thanks to the Jeffersonian survey system, properties are typically regular, four-sided polygons, stretching as far as the eye can see. Click, click, click, click and you’re ready for the next one. Here in New England, property boundaries tend to be based not on a universal consistent system but on local geographic or hydrographic features such as streams or ridgelines, which do not usually follow straight lines or intersect at right angles.

When mapping adjoining parcels of this type, it is unavoidable that each boundary line must be precisely duplicated to avoid any holes or overlap. This process usually doubles the time and effort needed to create the parcel database—it was for such situations that XMap’s Edge Matching feature was developed.

To use the Edge Matching tool in either the Editor or Enterprise version of XMap, follow these steps.

  1. Create or import the first polygon, making sure it is accurately delineated.
  2. Create a simple version of the adjacent polygon (four points is sufficient).
  3. Click the Edge Matching tool on XMap’s toolbar and click anywhere within the simple polygon.
  4. Select the two shape points at either end of the section of this polygon that will be matched. These anchor points will be symbolized with pink boxes.
  5. Click anywhere within the first polygon and repeat the anchor point selection process for the two points that correspond with ends of the section of the boundary to be matched. A dashed line on the map provides a visual indication as to which of the two previously selected points will be matched. After the second point is selected, the corresponding edge of new polygon will be automatically redrawn and matched to the shape of the original polygon.

The Edge Matching tool not only saves time and effort in polygon mapping projects, it also ensures accuracy in the mapping process by eliminating the likelihood of mismatched or omitted points.

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Tab Tip – Using XMap Forms to Collect or Edit GIS Data in the Field

November 13, 2009

The all-new XMap Forms feature is without doubt the single most important addition to the XMap 7 suite. Designed as a simple and affordable tool for viewing, collecting, and editing GIS data in the field, XMap Forms can be created for use on a PC or on the Earthmate PN-40 handheld GPS receiver.

Well_Inspection_FormAn XMap form provides a user-friendly interface for displaying the attributes assigned to an object in a GIS layer or for recording new point locations and their associated attribute information. To simplify this data collection process and to ensure data accuracy and consistency, the data administrator can establish drop-down lists or check boxes as an alternative to manual text entry. Field-collected or edited data is automatically merged or integrated into the originating GIS layer through XMap’s innovative two-way synchronization process or the PN-40’s Exchange function.

XMap Forms is fully compatible with all versions of XMap 7 including the affordable XMap Professional. To enable form-based data viewing or collection, the XMap Professional user must purchase a separate XMap Forms license. This license, which is available by calling the XMap sales team at 1-800-239-2389, significantly increases the value of the software by transforming its GIS functionality from simple data viewing to powerful data collection.

Creating an XMap Form
An XMap form is generated from a GIS layer that has been created in or imported into an XMap Enterprise database. Therefore, before beginning the process of developing or managing XMap Forms, you need to have access to a copy of XMap 7 GIS Enterprise.

The process of designing a form begins by creating or importing a GIS layer and adding all of the required attribute fields. XMap’s new attribute constraints functionality can be applied to new or existing attribute fields to ensure that only predetermined values can be entered during the data collection process. Depending on the data type, constraints can take the form of a drop-down list, a check box implying true or false, or a numeric range. Any data that falls outside the constraint limits will be flagged as invalid allowing the data administrator to edit the data or modify the constraint as needed.

When all of the required attributes and constraints have been established, the XMap form is created in the Create New Form dialog box. This window is accessed from the Tools menu in the GIS Workspace by right-clicking the appropriate layer or by using the Forms button in the toolbar. When creating a form, there are several configuration settings that need to be established:

  • Will the form be used in XMap or on the PN-40? A PN-40 form cannot be used in XMap or vice versa.
  • Is the form for adding new points or just for updating existing attributes?
  • Can existing objects be deleted using a form?
  • Which attributes from the layer should appear on the form and in what order?

When creating a form for use on the PN-40, only point layers are supported and there are certain attribute field types, for example, document fields, which are not compatible and will therefore not appear in the available attributes list.

Each XMap form is individually named and saved as an extension of the corresponding openspace GIS layer so any edits, additions, or deletions made using the form either in XMap or on the PN-40 will eventually be applied to the host layer.

When using an XMap form for data collection, as opposed to data editing, the layer from which the form is created is typically empty to begin.

Transferring a Form Using Database Synchronization
For individual use, an XMap form can be employed to add or update information in a local database using either XMap GIS Enterprise or XMap GIS Editor. In such a case, updating the attributes using a form has the same effect as making edits directly to the attribute table in XMap. To enable remote data collection or editing, the data administrator must utilize XMap’s synchronization process to automatically send a copy of the layer and the corresponding form or forms to one or more XMap users, to whom an XMap Forms license has been assigned. Refer to the XMap Admin Guide for more information on setting up the synchronization process.

When enabled, data synchronization is initiated by the recipient of the data, typically before heading into the field. A simple click of a button in XMap’s toolbar initially downloads the contents of a layer and each time thereafter, checks for any changes or additions that have been made to the layer.

Sending a Form to the Earthmate PN-40
XMap forms and the corresponding GIS layers are transferred from XMap to the PN-40 using a direct exchange procedure within the GIS tab. Either right-click the layer name or click the Send Layer button in the toolbar to transfer the file to the SD card in the device, making sure that the Connect to Computer setting on the PN-40 is first set to Transfer to SD Card. Alternatively, the layer and form can be saved to local folder and manually copied to an SD card which can subsequently be sent to a PN-40 user.

On the PN-40, the XMap form is activated from the Waypoints screen by pressing the Menu button, selecting File, and then choosing Open.

Collecting Data using a Form
The procedure for collecting data is very straightforward using either XMap or the PN-40. In XMap the form is displayed as a floating window and includes buttons to place a new object at the current GPS position, at the map center or manually. When an object is added or an existing object is selected, the attribute fields in the form are activated and the appropriate data can be entered.

PN_FormOn the PN-40, clicking the Waypoint button creates a new point at the current GPS location or at the position of the cursor on the map screen. The editable form then automatically appears and the required data is entered in each available field. When the data collection task is complete, it is important to save the collected or edited points back to the SD card in preparation for merging into the host layer. The process is performed by pressing the Menu button when the Waypoints screen is displayed, selecting File, and then choosing Save.

Integrating Field-Collected Data into XMap
The data synchronization process has been upgraded in XMap 7 to allow the transfer of data both to and from remote XMap users. Consequently, the action of clicking the Synchronize button previously described will automatically integrate data collected using an XMap Form into the originating layer.

The process for downloading data from the PN-40 is equally straightforward. In XMap, simply right-click the name of the host layer and choose Import from PN-Series Device or click the Import Layer from PN button in the toolbar. Any additional points or data edits will be applied to the OpenSpace Layer.

The XMap Forms functionality significantly enhances the value of XMap at every level. Corporate data administrators can now efficiently update GIS databases with direct input from remote users; standalone GIS managers can simplify data input ensuring accuracy and consistency; field workers can collect pertinent information at the jobsite using a simple onscreen form in XMap Professional or on the PN-40 and can quickly submit their findings to the data manager.

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Tab Tip — Using the ImageReg Tab

April 28, 2009

imagereg2Longtime users of XMap will know that ImageReg is not a new feature of the software. This useful and often overlooked tab has been included with XMap for many years and it continues to serve an invaluable role in the XMap suite. ImageReg is used to register or align digital images or scanned maps or photographs to an underlying base map. This process allows you to create a raster map layer from any image by applying geographic coordinates to the image file.

Two versions of the ImageReg tool are offered in XMap: A multi-point registration tool is available to users of either the Enterprise or Editor editions, while a simpler two-point registration function is included with XMap Professional. The registration process is the similar in either case.

The first step in the process of registering an image is to ensure that the source file is in the correct format. If the map or image in question is in paper form, you must first scan it and save it in an image file format. The ImageReg tool supports all common image formats, including .jpg, .gif, .tif, and .bmp.

Using the ImageReg tab, follow these steps to register your image:

  1. Click the Load Image button and browse to the location of the required image file.
  2. After selecting the file, a second window opens, displaying the image at a level of magnification that allows it to fit in the window. This can be adjusted as needed using the Magnify drop-down menu above the image window.
  3. In the accompanying map window, locate the same area that is represented in the imported image and adjust the zoom level so that key features can be identified. Note that for more precise registration, an aerial or satellite image works better than a vector-based map due to the improved horizontal accuracy of the map features.
  4. Before beginning the registration procedure, users of either the Editor or Enterprise version of XMap can choose between several alternative solutions that modify the behavior of the registration process. The drop-down list to the right of the ImageReg tab lists these options and the adjacent window displays a description of each and the situations for which they should be selected.
  5. The next phase of the process entails identifying and selecting physical or man-made features that can be seen in both the map window and in the imported image. Use the select tool to first click the point on the image and then the subsequent location on the map. If you know the coordinates of the selected points, you can type these values into the appropriate columns in the ImageReg tab instead of manually selecting the corresponding point on the adjacent map.
  6. Make sure that when selecting additional locations that the points are widely dispersed on the map. For XMap Professional users, who are limited to a two-point registration process, the ideal position of the two points are at opposite corners of the image.
  7. When selecting points, avoid features that might have moved from the time the map was created or the aerial image was captured. For instance, a river course is often subject to seasonal or even permanent fluctuation. Features such as road intersections are usually a better alternative assuming the same intersections are clearly discernable in the imported image.
  8. For multi-point registration, add as many points as necessary to ensure the accuracy of the registration process and, if necessary, to stretch or rubber-sheet the image to accurately align it with the map. After the second point is added, the corresponding cursor position will be shown on both the image and on the map;  by checking the Link to Map box above the image window, the two views can be linked so that as one is zoomed or panned, the other will follow. This feature helps with the location and identification of additional map points.
  9. Several additional functions are available in the multi-point version of ImageReg. These buttons are located above the image window:
    • imagereg1The Reduce button reduces the color depth of the image from 24- to 8-bit.
    • The Transparency tool renders a selected color of the imported image invisible. Often this function is used to remove the white  background of an imported map. Note that this function is only available for 8-bit images.
    • The adjacent color selection drop-down list is used to choose a color by which all non-transparent objects will be highlighted.
    • The Crop tool is used to draw a polygon around the required portion of the imported image. The area outside of this polygon will not appear in the final map layer.
  10. After all of the required points are added, click the Create Data button in the tab, type a name for the new dataset, and click the Process button. A registered version of the layer will be displayed in the map window and the file will automatically be saved to the ImageReg folder in your DeLorme Docs folder.
  11. Before closing the image window, you have the option to save a Workfile containing all of the points that were selected in the registration process as well as the path to the source image file. This Workfile can be reopened if a modification to the original registration points is required.
  12. You can now manage the new data layer in the same way you manage other XMap datasets. Within the Map Data tab, layers added using ImageReg are listed under ImageData Series and you can turn them on or off as needed. Furthermore, you can adjust certain settings for the dataset, such as layering and zoom level extent. To establish these settings, right-click the name of the registered image and select Properties.

There are an infinite number of uses for the ImageReg tab; from digitizing cadastral or property maps to creating geo-referenced versions of historical charts. For many XMap users, ImageReg offers and easy-to-learn tool for helping make the transition from paper maps to digital mapping technology.

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Tab Tip – Transferring GIS Data to the PN-20 or PN-40

February 24, 2009

 

One of the features of DeLorme’s PN-Series GPS receivers that sets it apart from other devices is its ability to display an incredible variety map data, both vector and raster. For XMap users, this flexibility means that GIS data can be carried right to the jobsite, wherever that might be. On the PN-Series device, layers transferred from XMap retain their symbology and labels, providing a snapshot of your maps as they were created in XMap and offering a rugged mobile GIS viewer.

pn_gisNote that while any current version of XMap can be used to transfer GIS data to the PN-Series device, only the Enterprise and Editor versions have the tools necessary for editing or updating the data.

Before transferring GIS layers from XMap to the PN-Series device, there are several considerations that should be taken into account:

  • It is likely that the lighting conditions will be significantly different in the field than in your office, so you may need to adjust the display characteristics of the relevant data layers. A layer whose color or shading is easily discernable on your PC may not be as clear under bright sunlight conditions. Usually darker colors work best on the device.
  • If you intend to layer a polygon over an aerial image on the device, you should make sure the polygons are unfilled using the Symbolize Layer functionality in XMap.
  • If possible, point data layers should be symbolized using the Earthmate PN-Series symbol set, as the same symbols are preloaded unto the device. This ensures that you will see an exact match of the layer as it appears in XMap.
  • To enable searching on the PN-Series device, the objects in the layer must be labeled using the relevant attribute field. For instance, if you would like to be able to search for objects by name, make sure that the name field is assigned as the label for the layer. You cannot search for unlabelled objects on the PN-Series device.
  • If you would like to be able to control the appearance of labels on the PN-Series device, create a copy of the appropriate layer, adjust the symbology so that the objects on the copied layer are transparent, and assign labels as normal. The result is a layer in which the actual objects cannot be seen but the labels can. Displaying this layer in conjunction with original, allows you to turn the labels on or off as needed by simply choosing not to display the copied layer.

hh_export

As with any type of map data, the transfer of GIS layers to the PN-Series GPS receiver requires that you first create one or more map packages. While it is possible to combine all of the required layers—as well as imagery and topographic maps—in a single map package, it is recommended that you create separate packages for each layer. This allows you to turn on or off each layer individually on the device. If all layers are incorporated into a single map package, all GIS layers will be displayed or turned off concurrently.

 

 

Follow these steps to create a map package containing a GIS layer:

  • In the GIS tab, clear the check boxes for all of the layers except the one you want to include in the map package.
  • Click the Handheld Export tab and click the Options button.
  • Clear the check boxes for all of the Data Type choices except for GIS layers.
  • Adjust the zoom level range for the layer. Note that on the device, the layer will be visible only within the selected range.
  • Select either Less Detail or More Detail. This setting adjusts the resolution and visual clarity of the display of the data on the device and, as a consequence, it determines the size of the file that is created.
  • Click OK to apply the selected options.
  • In the Handheld Export tab adjust the grid size to the extent that it is easy to select grids that cover your area of interest.
  • Use the Select/Edit tool to highlight the required grid tiles.
  • Type a name for your map package, preferably using the same name as the GIS layer that it contains. 
  • Click the Save button and repeat this process for each required GIS layer
  • When all of the necessary map packages have been created, attach the PN-Series device to your PC and click the Exchange button.
  • Note that in most cases, map packages containing only GIS layers are relatively small so it is usually possible to transfer them directly to either the internal or the external memory of the device using the Send button. If your map package is large, you can remove the SD card from the battery compartment of your device and use a USB SD card reader to transfer the file.

The PN-Series GPS receivers provide a low-cost solution for a recurring problem in the field of GIS: How can I access my maps where I need them most; at the jobsite? Now you can display all of your data layers as well as aerial imagery and topographic maps on a device that fits in your pocket.

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